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Help:MediaWiki安装指南：修订间差异

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帮助命名空间规范化：移除一级标题并修正渲染安全写法
 
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第1行：
本页给出通用安装流程，并提供本站当前环境可复用的参数示例。实际部署请以官方文档为准。
这个页面介绍了本站的 [[mw:Download|MediaWiki]] 的安装笔记.
 
== 服务器配置参考环境 ==
* 操作系统：Debian 12
* Web 服务器：Nginx
* PHP：8.2（PHP-FPM）
* 数据库：MariaDB 10.11
 
== 1. 安装系统依赖 ==
'''服务器提供商''': [https://cloud.tencent.com/ 腾讯云]-轻量云（轻量应用服务器）
 
'''地域和可用区''': 新加坡 | 新加坡一区
 
'''实例规格''':
 
* '''CPU''': 2 核
* '''内存''': 2GB
* '''系统盘''': SSD 云硬盘 50GB
* '''流量包''': 1024GB/月（峰值带宽 30Mbps）
 
== 服务器环境 ==
 
=== 操作系统 ===
 
'''镜像名称''': [https://www.debian.org/distrib/ Debian]
 
'''操作系统''': Debian 12.0 64bit
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
cat /etc/os-release
sudo apt install nginx mariadb-server php8.2-fpm php8.2-cli php8.2-mysql php8.2-gd php8.2-mbstring php8.2-xml php8.2-curl php8.2-zip php8.2-intl php8.2-apcu unzip git -y
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 2. 下载并解压 MediaWiki ==
=== 服务器软件 ===
 
* '''[https://www.bt.cn/new/download.html 宝塔Linux面板]''' : 正式版 9.4.0
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
cd /var/www
wget -O install_panel.sh https://download.bt.cn/install/install_panel.sh && bash install_panel.sh ed8484bec
wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.45/mediawiki-1.45.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf mediawiki-1.45.0.tar.gz
mv mediawiki-1.45.0 mediawiki
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 3. 创建数据库与账号 ==
* '''Apache [https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi httpd] 2.4.62 (PHP+fpm)'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="bashsql">
CREATE DATABASE my_wiki CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
which apache2
CREATE USER 'wikiuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '强密码';
apache2 -v
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON my_wiki.* TO 'wikiuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 4. 运行安装向导 ==
* '''[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/windows/installer/ MySQL 5.7.44]'''（MediaWiki 最低要求 5.7，大内存机器首选 8.0+，官方推荐 MongoDB）
访问：<code>https://你的域名/mw-config/</code>
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
which mysql
systemctl status mysql
</syntaxhighlight>
 
完成后将生成的 <code>LocalSettings.php</code> 放入站点根目录。
* '''[https://www.php.net/downloads.php PHP] 8.2.27'''（MediaWiki 最低要求 8.1）
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
which php
php -v
</syntaxhighlight>
 
* '''[https://www.phpmyadmin.net/downloads/ phpMyAdmin] 5.2'''（可通过宝塔安装）
 
== 服务器依赖 ==
 
=== php-[[mw:Wikidiff2|wikidiff2]] ===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
apt-get install php-wikidiff2
find /usr/lib/ -name wikidiff2.so
nano /www/server/php/82/etc/php.ini
extension=/usr/lib/php/20220829/wikidiff2.so
php -m | grep wikidiff2
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 5. 关键配置示例 ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$wgScriptPath = '';
$wgDiffEngine = "wikidiff2";
$wgArticlePath = '/wiki/$1';
$wgDiff3 = "/usr/bin/diff3";
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 6. 常用安装后维护 ==
=== php-[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/LuaSandbox luasandbox] ===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/run.php update.php
sudo apt update
php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/run.php rebuildrecentchanges.php
sudo apt install php-luasandbox -y
php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/run.php refreshLinks.php
find /usr/lib/php/ -name "luasandbox.so"
nanophp /var/www/servermediawiki/php/82/etcmaintenance/run.php runJobs.iniphp
extension=/usr/lib/php/20220829/luasandbox.so
php -m | grep luasandbox
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 7. 安全与排错 ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
* 确保 <code>LocalSettings.php</code> 权限最小化。
wfLoadExtension( 'Scribunto' );
* 上传失败时检查 PHP 上传大小限制与目录权限。
$wgScribuntoEngineConf['luasandbox']['memoryLimit'] = 50 * 1024 * 1024;
* 页面无法渲染时优先检查 PHP-FPM 与 Nginx 日志。
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 官方文档 ==
=== [https://ffmpeg.org/download.html ffmpeg] 6.1（可通过宝塔安装） ===
* https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Installing_MediaWiki
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
which ffmpeg
ffmpeg -version
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== [https://getcomposer.org/download/ Composer] ===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
composer update --no-dev
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== MediaWiki 插件依赖 ==
 
=== [[mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline]] ===
 
==== [https://ploticus.sourceforge.net/doc/download.html Ploticus] ====
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ploticus
ploticus -version
</syntaxhighlight>
 
==== [https://www.perl.org/get.html perl] ====
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update
sudo apt install perl
perl -v
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$wgTimelinePloticusCommand = '/usr/bin/ploticus';
$wgTimelinePerlCommand = "/usr/bin/perl";
$wgTimelineFontDirectory = "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont";
$wgTimelineFontFile = 'ascii';
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== [[mw:Extension:Score|Score]] ===
 
==== [https://lilypond.org/ LilyPond] ====
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update
sudo apt install lilypond
lilypond --version
</syntaxhighlight>
 
==== [https://www.ghostscript.com/releases/index.html Ghostscript] ====
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ghostscript
gs --version
</syntaxhighlight>
 
==== php-ImageMagick ====
 
==== [https://www.fluidsynth.org/download/ FluidSynth] ====
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update
sudo apt install fluidsynth
fluidsynth --version
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$wgScoreTrim = true;
$wgImageMagickConvertCommand = '/usr/bin/convert';
$wgScoreSafeMode = false;
$wgScoreLame = '/usr/bin/lame';
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== [[mw:Extension:PdfHandler|PdfHandler]] ===
 
==== Ghostscript ====
 
==== php-imagemagick ====
 
==== [https://pypi.org/project/poppler-utils/#files poppler-utils] ====
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update
sudo apt install poppler-utils
pdftotext -v
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$wgPdfProcessor = '/usr/bin/gs';
$wgPdfPostProcessor = $wgImageMagickConvertCommand;
$wgPdfInfo = '/usr/bin/pdfinfo';
$wgPdftoText = '/usr/bin/pdftotext';
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 服务器配置 ==
 
=== Apache 相关 ===
 
* '''禁用''' 防跨站攻击 (open_basedir)
* '''启用''' HTTPS 防窜站
* '''禁用''' TLS 1.0 和 1.1
 
'''伪静态配置'''
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="apache">
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !\.(css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot|less)$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/load.php [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/api.php [NC]
RewriteRule ^w/(.*)$ /index.php?title=$1 [L,QSA]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php [L,QSA]
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
wfLoadExtension( 'UrlShortener' );
$wgUrlShortenerTemplate = '/r/$1';
$wgUrlShortenerServer = "false";
$wgUrlShortenerEnableQrCode = true;
$wgUrlShortenerQrCodeShortenLimit = 200;
$actions = [
'view',
'edit',
'watch',
'unwatch',
'delete',
'revert',
'rollback',
'protect',
'unprotect',
'markpatrolled',
'render',
'submit',
'history',
'purge',
'info',
];
foreach ($actions as $action) {
$wgActionPaths[$action] = "/w/$action/$1";
}
$wgActionPaths['view'] = "/w/$1";
$wgArticlePath = $wgActionPaths['view'];
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== SSL ===
 
=== Apache 安全配置 ===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="apache">
<Directory /www/wwwroot/lib/images/>
Options -ExecCGI -Indexes
AllowOverride None
<FilesMatch "\.(php|php5|pl|py|jsp|asp|htm|html|cgi|sh)$">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
</Directory>
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== MySQL 相关 ===
 
'''官方建议''':
 
* 将所有表转为 '''InnoDB'''
* 将所有表转为 <code>utf8mb4</code>
 
=== PHP相关 ===
 
'''需要启用的插件'''（部分插件已默认启用）
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
php -m
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
Core date libxml openssl pcre sqlite3 zlib bcmath ctype curl dom filter ftp gd gettext hash iconv intl json mbstring SPL session pcntl standard mysqlnd PDO pdo_mysql pdo_sqlite Phar posix random Reflection mysqli shmop SimpleXML soap sockets sodium sysvsem tokenizer xml xmlreader xmlwriter wikidiff2 luasandbox zip imagick fileinfo apcu exif calendar
</syntaxhighlight>
 
'''需要解除禁用的函数'''
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
proc_open
popen
putenv
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 站点配置 ==
 
=== 数据库信息安全 ===
 
<code>LocalSettings.php</code>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
include('/wwwroot/lib.php');
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<code>lib.php</code>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
<?php
$wgDBserver = 'localhost';
$wgDBname = '';
$wgDBuser = '';
$wgDBpassword = '';
?>
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== 网站 Logo ===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$wgLogos = [
'1x' => "$wgResourceBasePath/Libary-4l.png",
'icon' => "$wgResourceBasePath/Libary-4l.png",
];
 
$wgFavicon = "$wgResourceBasePath/images/logos/Libary-4l.png";
$wgAppleTouchIcon = "$wgResourceBasePath/images/logos/Libary-4l.png";
 
$wgFooterIcons['logo'] = [
'yourcustomicon' => [
'src' => '/images/logos/Libary-1ll.png ',
'url' => $wgServer,
'alt' => 'Logo',
'height' => '31',
'width' => '68',
],
];
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== 移动端皮肤 ===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
$wgDefaultMobileSkin = 'citizen';
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== MediaWiki 维护脚本 ===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
php maintenance/run.php update.php --quick && \
php maintenance/run.php rebuildrecentchanges.php && \
php maintenance/run.php rebuildall.php && \
php maintenance/run.php rebuildtextindex.php && \
php maintenance/run.php refreshLinks.php && \
php maintenance/run.php cleanupTitles.php --dry-run
</syntaxhighlight>
 
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